The :first-line and :first-letter pseudo-elements cause a rule to only affect some of an elements contents — what part of those contents their names explain. In this case, I decided that the first line of a paragraph should be bold and in small capitals, and the first letter should be 3 times the size and have the text flow around it. There is no way that the HTML document can decide what will be the first line, since people have different screen resolutions, but the browser is able to figure it out for itself.